How to install Filezilla Ftp client To ubuntu

Install Filezilla Ftp client to ubuntu

sudo aptitude install filezilla

Internal Server Error in ubuntu

1. You Should install mod_rewrite to ubuntu
sudo a2enmod rewrite
thanks

How to enable apache mod_rewrite in Ubuntu

1. you should change AllowOverride None to AllowOverride ALL in virtual host File.
2. you should enable mod_rewrite in the ubuntu operating System.
3 If you want to enable mod rewrite you should add the following command in your terminal.

sudo a2enmod rewrite

thanks.

Most usefull Linux command

Today i write most use-full linux command. I think this is most important for new linux users.

1. Copy command

$cp -irf source directory target directory

2. size

$du -sh direcotry name

3. Remove the diretory & subdirectory

$rm -irf directoryname

4. Move the files from one directory to another directory

mv -irf sourcedirectory targetdirectory

5. Change ownership on directory or subdirectory

$chown -R user:group directory

6. Find file in the linux system

$find -name eg: find /data1/PROD/ -name apichecb.pls

1. directory name where we want to search the file.

2. file name is which we want to search

7. How to check "File" type in linux

$file filename

8. how to check linux version
$uname -a

9. how to check group information in the linux

$cat /etc/group

10. how to install RPM package

#rpm -ivch packagename

i stand for install

11. change to usb filesystem type from ntfs to ext3

#mke2fs -j /dev/sdb1
then mount the usbfirst check the usb filesystem type

#fdisk -l then use the below command to mount

#mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/usb

thanks for all

Regular Expressions in MySQL

Introduction
A very interesting and useful capability of MySQL is to incorporate Regular Expressions (regex) in SQL queries. The regular expression support in MySQL is extensive. Let's take a look at using Regular Expressions in queries and the supported metacharacters.

Using Regular Expressions in queries
A simple example of using Regular Expressions in a SQL query would be to select all names from a table that start with 'A'.

eg:-

SELECT name FROM employees WHERE name REGEXP '^A'

A slight modification in the above example to look for names starting with 'A' or 'D' or 'F' will look like this.

eg:-

SELECT name FROM employees WHERE name REGEXP '^(A|D|F)'

Regular Expression Metacharacters
*
Matches zero or more instances of the string preceding it
+
Matches one or more instances of the string preceding it
?
Matches zero or one instances of the string preceding it
.
Matches any single character, except a newline
[xyz]
Matches any of x, y, or z (match one of enclosed characters)
[^xyz]
Matches any character not enclosed
[A-Z]
Matches any uppercase letter
[a-z]
Matches any lowercase letter
[0-9]
Matches any digit
^
Anchors the match from the beginning
$
Anchors the match to the end
|
Separates alternatives
{n,m}
String must occur at least n times, but not more than m times
{n}
String must occur exactly n times
{n,}
String must occur at least n times
[[:<:]] Matches beginning of words
[[:>:]]
Matches ending of words
[:class:]
match a character class i.e.,
[:alpha:] for letters
[:space:] for whitespace
[:punct:] for punctuation
[:upper:] for upper case letters

Examples

SELECT age FROM employees WHERE age REGEXP '^[0-9]+$'

/* starts, ends and contains numbers */

SELECT name FROM employees WHERE contact_no REGEXP '^[0-9]{10}$'

How to install oci8(Oracle database) for php 5 and ubuntu 8.10

1. Install the Oracle Instant Client

1. Download the Basic and SDK zip files from the official Oracle website.
2. Create the following directory to store the instant client files
   /opt/oracle/instantclient/
3. Unzip the basic.zip file into the above directory
4. Create the following directory to store the sdk files
   /opt/oracle/instantclient/sdk/
5. Unzip the sdk.zip file into the above directory
6. Create the following two symbolic links
   1. ln -s libocci.so.11.1 libocci.so
   2. ln -s libclntsh.so.11.1 libclntsh.so

2. Install the oci8 module

For some reason on my system the automated build process failed.

This is an automated way of building and installing the module.

1. Run the command to download and build the module
   sudo pecl install oci8
2. When prompted enter the location of the instant client libraries
   instantclient,/opt/oracle/instantclient
3. Congratulations, the library should now be installed
4. Follow steps 14 and 15 to check that it is loading correctly. If it isn’t you may need to do steps 10 – 13 as well

If the automated script fails to find the instant client libraries follow this procedure

1. Abort the automated build process Ctrl-C
2. Change to the following directory
   /tmp/pear/download
3. Copy the oci8-1.3.4.tgz to a suitable location, such as a sub directory in your home directory
   Note: the file name may be different depending on the version of the of the module
4. Extract the contents of the file
   tar -xzf oci8-1.3.4.tgz
5. Change into the new directory
   cd oci8-1.3.4
6. Prepare the source code for building by executing this command
   phpize
7. Configure the source code for building by executing the following command
   ./configure –with-oci8=shared,instantclient,/opt/oracle/instantclient
8. Build the module by executing the following command
   make
9. Install the newly built software
   sudo make install
10. Change to the PHP 5 config directory
    cd /etc/php5/conf.d
11. Open a new file in VI for editing
    sudo vi oci8.ini
12. Add the following line to the file
    extension=oci8.so
13. Write the file and quit VI
14. Restart the Apache2 server
    sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
15. Check to ensure the module is loading using the phpinfo() function

thanks

How to get current page URL

function curPageURL() {
$pageURL = 'http';
if ($_SERVER["HTTPS"] == "on") {$pageURL .= "s";}
$pageURL .= "://";
if ($_SERVER["SERVER_PORT"] != "80") {
$pageURL .= $_SERVER["SERVER_NAME"].":".$_SERVER["SERVER_PORT"].$_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"];
} else {
$pageURL .= $_SERVER["SERVER_NAME"].$_SERVER["REQUEST_URI"];
}
return $pageURL;
}
?>

You can now get the current page URL using the line:

echo curPageURL();
?>

Virtualhost

Firstly we create virtual host in ubuntu.
You follow the following step;

1. open the terminal and go to root( for that enter sudo -i).

2. Then go to the hosts file in your machine. For that enter the following command.
gedit /etc/hosts.
then enter the following line in hosts file.
127.0.0.1 example.loc

3.then go to the your site-available folder.
Enter the following command in terminal.
cd /etc/apache2/sites-available

Then enter open the default file and copy the lines.
then enter the following command and paste following lines it.

gedit example.loc
paste code:

then edit the lines according following lines.

ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost
ServerName prestashop.loc
DocumentRoot /var/www/prestashop


4. Then enter the following command in your machine.
ln -s /etc/apache2/sites-available/example example.loc
5. Then create the example folder in your www folder.

6. Then restart the your apache server.
/etc/init.d/apache2 restart

7. open the your Browser and enter http://example.loc

Good luck :)

web service

How to install java 6 for ubuntu

You can install java 6 for linux ,After enter the following command in terminal:

sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jdk sun-java6-plugin


Then enter the foolowing coomand :

sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jre sun-java6-plugin

check java version enter foolowing command:

java -version

And Install netbeans Enter the following command:

sudo apt-get install netbeans6.7

Good CSS Editors for Linux (Ubuntu)

There is favourite css editer software for ubuntu. You can install following command enter the terminal.
1. Cream / Vim for Editing CSS
sudo apt-get install cream

2.Quanta
sudo apt-get install quanta

3.cssed
sudo apt-get install cssed

4.Bluefish as a CSS Editor
sudo apt-get install bluefish

Top 10 Security/Hacking Tool

1. Nmap
2. Nessus Remote Security Scanner
3.John the Ripper
4. Nikto
5. SuperScan
6. p0f
7. Wireshark (Formely Ethereal)
8. Yersinia
9. Eraser
10. PuTTY

Famous hackers in the world

There are as many bad hackers as productive hackers.
One of the most famous black hackers is "Kevin Mitnick", who broke into the computers of several organizations, including Fujitsu, Motorola, Sun Microsystems and Nokia. He was imprisoned and even today can't use a computer due to a judicial restriction.

Another famous hacker is "Vladimir Levin," a mathematician who led a group of Russian hackers and stole ten million dollars from Citibank. Until this day, no one knows how they did it.

" Jonathan James " case is a bit more complicated. He was the first juvenile from the teen hackers of the USA to be prosecuted for computer hacking. But that didn't stop him. Later, he was able to access the computer systems of NASA and the US Department of Defense. Finally, he was imprisoned.

UML Diagram Software for ubuntu

We can draw uml diagram using Dia.
So you have to do following step:
* Open the terminal and Enter Following command :-

sudo apt-get install dia

And go to the application and go Graphics tab.
then open the dia software for draw the uml diagrame.

thanks everyone

Example project for rails

Open a console in that folder and type:

rails WebAlbum --database=mysql

Now make WebAlbum the current folder in your console. All further console work is going to take place exclusively inside WebAlbum.

Although we're using the latest version of Rails, it is a fast moving target. Newer versions may break our code, so we want to keep a local copy of Rails right in our application. We do that with the freeze command:

rake rails:freeze:gems

Now our application will use the Rails code (in the vendor folder), and not the Rails code in our Ruby distribution. Next we'll check that the database settings are working. Type:

rake db:migrate

The db folder will now contain two files:

db/
development.mysql
schema.rb

So far, so good. The next step is to generate the scaffolding code for our users. We'll start off with just a couple of fields, we'll add additional fields in a moment. Type:

ruby script/generate scaffold user name:string motto:string

Rails also created a database migrate class - db/migrate/001_create_users.rb. This class inherits from ActiveRecord::Migration which provides methods to change the database structure. We need a few more fields than we defined in the scaffold script, so open this file, and modify it to look like:

class CreateUsers <>
  def self.up
    create_table :users do |t|
      t.string :name, :limit => 40, :null => false
      t.string :motto, :limit => 80
      t.string :salted_password, :limit => 40, :null => false
      t.string :salt, :limit => 40, :null => false
      t.timestamps
    end
    add_index :users, [:name], :name => :users_name_index, :unique => true
  end

  def self.down
    remove_index :users, :name => :users_name_index
    drop_table :users
  end
end

Right now we're at version 0, so let's update the database. Type:

rake db:migrate

If you want to check that you can revert to the previous version, then add the version number to the rake command:

rake db:migrate VERSION=0

Now let's take a look at what we've got. Start the web application, by typing:

ruby script/server

Start up your favourite browser, and type http://localhost:3000/ in the location bar. When the Rails home page appears, click on the “About your application's environment” link,

Now shut down the server (Ctrl+C), we've got some more coding to do.

Each of our users will have a password. We don't want to keep that password as plain text, because, well, someone might steal it. I'm not talking about stealing a single user's password, I'm talking about the whole database. The 'salt and shaker' process used here is probably a good enough solution to a potentially big problem. Ranting aside, let's look at the code. This is the modified app/models/user.rb file:

require 'digest/sha1'

class User <>
  attr_readonly :name
  attr_reader   :password
  attr_accessor :password_confirmation

  validates_presence_of   :name
  validates_length_of     :name, :within => 1..40
  validates_uniqueness_of :name

  validates_length_of     :motto, :within => 0..80

  validates_confirmation_of :password

  def password=(pword)
    @password = pword.strip
    return if @password.length <> 40
    self.salt = Digest::SHA1.hexdigest("--#{Time.now.to_s}--#{rand.to_s}--")
    self.salted_password = User.encrypted_password(self.salt, @password)
  end

  def validate_on_create
    if @password.length <> 40
      errors.add(:password, "must have between 6 and 40 characters")
    end
  end

  def self.authenticate(name, password)
    user = find(:first, :conditions => [ "name = ?", name ])
    if user
      if user.salted_password != encrypted_password(user.salt, password)
        user = nil
      end
    end
    user
  end

  private
    def self.encrypted_password(salt, password)
      Digest::SHA1.hexdigest("--#{salt}--#{password}--")
    end
end

Now we'll need to make some modifications to the ERB template for a new user, in the file app/views/user/new.html.erb:

<%= error_messages_for :user %>

<% form_for(@user) do |f| %>
<div>
<%= f.label :name, 'Name:' %>
<%= f.text_field :name, :size =>40, :maxlength => 40 %>
div>

<div>
<%= f.label :motto, 'Motto:' %>
<%= f.text_field :motto, :size => 40, :maxlength => 80 %>
div>

<%= f.label :password, 'Password:' %>
<%= f.password_field :password, :size => 40, :maxlength => 40 %>

<%= f.label :password_confirmation, 'Confirm password:' %>
<%= f.password_field :password_confirmation, :size => 40, :maxlength => 40 %>

<div>
<%= f.submit "Create" %>
div>
<% end %>

<%= link_to 'Back', users_path %>
Now we're ready to add a user. Fire up the server again:

ruby script/server

Open the browser and go to the location http://localhost:3000/users/new. You should now see something.
And then yuo can modify this yuor own.


Next I explain how to send email using rails.
Bye everyone
:)

how to run webserver in rails

I explain step by step.
first open your terminal.

1.Then enter the following command on your terminal.

rails
(eg:- rails firstproject)

2.then create more folders.

3.then go to the your project folder.
cd
(eg:- cd firstprogramme)

4.then run the following command

ruby script/server

5.then open your browser insert the following address in your address bar.

http://localhost:3000

6.you will see your web server run

sinmple introduction for rails

What is Rails

• An extremely productive web-application framework.
• Written in Ruby by David Heinemeier Hansson.
• You could develop a web application at least ten times faster with Rails than you could with a typical Java framework.
• An open source Ruby framework for developing database-backed web applications.
• Your code and database schema are the configuration!
• No compilation phase required.

Full Stack Framework

• Includes everything needed to create a database-driven web application using the Model-View-Controller pattern.
• Being a full-stack framework means that all layers are built to work seamlessly together Less Code.
• Requires fewer total lines of code than other frameworks spend setting up their XML configuration files.

Convention over Configuration

• Rails shuns configuration files in favor of conventions, reflection and dynamic run-time extensions. Your application code and your running database already contain everything that Rails needs to know!

Rails Strengths

• Easy to get started with, easy to get something done enough to launch
• Easy to re-factor and replace weak code with stronger
• Development speed and philosophy lend themselves to agile development methodologies.

Weakness

• Some confusion about scale and the "right" architecture for Rails apps
  • Lots of people using Rails for the "wrong" thing.
• Can be hard to debug memory and performance issues
• Speed of new features/fixes/best practices can make it hard to keep up, especially in a behemoth like AOL.
• Lots of FUD in other communities about Rails' weaknesses, can be hard to separate myth from reality and past from present.

When to use Rails,

• You need the power of MVC, but want to Get Things Done quickly
• You want unit tests, a sane and flexible environment and help to do the Right Thing
• You like being a part of a very active and passionate development community
• You can start with a clean slate database-wise

But When not use

• You don't need an MVC or framework, especially if you don't need a database
• You need to get lots of data from lots of different sources for each request
• You're constrained by a legacy database and can't change anything

To develop a web application using Ruby on Rails Framework, install the following software:

• Ruby
• The Rails framework
• A Web Server
• A Database System

Simple Introduction For Ruby

Ruby is

• A High Level Programming Language
• Interpreted like Perl, Python, Tcl/TK.
• Object-Oriented Like Smalltalk, Eiffel, Ada, Java.
• Originated in Japan and Rapidly Gaining Mindshare in US and Europe.

Ruby is the successful combination of:

• Smalltalk's conceptual elegance,
• Python's ease of use and learning, and
• Perl's pragmatism

Ruby is an object-oriented, interpreted programming language. Interpreted programming.languages are read line by line instead of by compiling the code into an executable that is unreadable to a human being (but is much quicker to process by a computer.) Other inter-preted languages include JavaScript and BASIC. If you open up your web browser on a page that uses JavaScript, you can read the source code by using your browser’s window.Try opening up an application like your system’s Calculator in a text editor. All you see is
some garbled text because the Calculator application was written in a compiled language.
Ruby started to gain popularity in 2001 with the commencement of Ryan Leavengood’s work on RubyGems, which is an easy way to package and distribute applications and libraries. RubyGems’ development stalled for several years because Leavengood left the project at version 0.4.0. In 2003, a group of developers reincarnated the RubyGems project and released a totally rewritten version under the same name. While they didn’t share any of the same code, they shared the same principle: simple software distribution for Ruby.

How to install rubby 1.9 and Rails 2.3.2 for ubuntu 8.10

I explain step by step how to install Ruby 1.9 and rails 2.3.2
1.first open your command prompt.
2 .Then install foolowing package in your computer

sudo apt-get -y install libc6-dev libssl-dev libmysql++-dev libsqlite3-dev make build-essential libssl-dev libreadline5-dev zlib1g-dev

Install RUby 1.9
Enter following comand step by step

cd ~
mkdir src
cd src/
wget ftp://ftp.ruby-lang.org/pub/ruby/1.9/ruby-1.9.1-p0.tar.gz
tar xzvf ruby-1.9.1-p0.tar.gz
cd ruby-1.9.1-p0/
wget http://redmine.ruby-lang.org/attachments/download/237
patch -p1 < 237
./configure --prefix=/usr/local --with-openssl-dir=/usr --with-readline-dir=/usr --with-zlib-dir=/usr
sudo make && sudo make install

3.Then check your ruby version following command
ruby -v


4. The output something may be
ruby 1.9.1p0 (2009-01-30 revision 21907) [i686-linux]

After enter the following code output should be "Happpy New Ruby "

ruby -ropenssl -rzlib -rreadline -e "puts 'Happy new Ruby'"

Ruby 1.9 bundles rubygems so there is no need to install it.

5. Then install  mysql-ruby  adapter

cd ~/src
wget http://rubyforge.org/frs/download.php/51087/mysql-ruby-2.8.1.tar.gz
tar xzvf mysql-ruby-2.8.1.tar.gz
cd mysql-ruby-2.8.1
sudo ruby extconf.rb
make
sudo make install

6. Then install rails2.3.2 and other stuff for you computer

sudo gem install rails rake rack sqlite3-ruby

7. Then check your machine all packages are installed. so you can use following command

gem list

8.The output something like this

actionmailer (2.3.2)
actionpack (2.3.2)
activerecord (2.3.2)
activeresource (2.3.2)
activesupport (2.3.2)
rack (0.9.1)
rails (2.3.2)
rake (0.8.4)
sqlite3-ruby (1.2.4)

 Now you can use rails and ruby for develop your programme
And I next explain what is rails and ruby.

sri lanka

Do you want to listen online sinhala songs.
come to this site.
Welcome to SLHITS.com - Archive of Sinhala Music .
http://www.slhits.com

payment gateway

The advent of Internet has brought the consumers and businesses closer by getting them online. The ability to make and receive payments online saves both time and money. Payment systems in tandem with pervasive computing enable payments to be made anytime, anywhere and from any device.

Tarang Merchant Payment Gateway is a comprehensive multi-channel transaction processing system and is robust, scalable and highly reliable. It mediates the commercial transactions between online as well as point-of-sale merchants, their customers and the acquiring banks.

This Merchant Payment Gateway is accessible via various communication channels viz. PC, PDA, Java/WAP phones, SMS phones. It authenticates payment requests and enables settlement by communicating with one/more payment settlement hosts.

Value-added features provided by Tarang's Merchant Payment Gateway:

• Multi-Channel Acquiring (POS, e-POS, EMV-compliant POS, ATM and Internet)
• Additional Payment Instruments (Purchase/Corporate Cards, Private Label Cards, Loyalty Cards, e-Cheques in addition to standard Credit Cards and Debit Cards)
• Multi-Channel Access (accessed from various devices viz. PC with Internet Connectivity, PDAs, WAP-enabled MobileHandsets & supports SMS-based payments, WAP-Mobile originated payments)
• Integrated Fraud Management Module
• Configurable Alerts for Merchants and Acquirers
• Messaging between various entities
• Handling Proof-of-Dispatch
• Chargeback Handling
• Workflow Management
• Transactional Security (3D Secure authentication Tarang's Merchant Payment Interface , SSL support, 3DES, PKI based encryption, Digital certificates)

Tarang's product has unique feature of providing the MPI (Verified by Visa) module integrated in its Merchant Payment Gateway. This provides way for higher security, mitigating risks for payment service providing companies and merchants.

Deployment requirements

• Operating Systems: Sun Solaris, Windows 2000/NT, HP UX, Linux
• Webserver: Weblogic, I-Planet, Websphere
• DB Server: Oracle 8i & above, SQL Server 7.0 & above
• Application Server: Any J2EE compliant application server
• Messaging Server: JMS Service available with any J2EE compliant application server

Tarang Payment Services

Our payment services comprise the following building blocks.

• Tarang Payment Services
• Merchant Connectivity Kit
• Recurring Billing and One time Payments
• Electronic Check Processing
• Settlement and Refund Services
• Chargeback Management
• Reporting

Merchant Connectivity Kit

Merchant stores or businesses over the Internet are looking out for a faster, cheaper and efficient way of accepting online payments by their customers. The advancement in E-commerce is forcing merchants in large numbers to quickly adapt to the changing standards and enable faster integration of their websites for accepting online payments and thereby impacting sales revenue. Internet Customers choose the Merchant products and services through the shopping cart facility over the merchant websites. However, the shopping cart connectivity to the payment gateway is the backbone of a seamless online transaction. Tarang's Merchant Connectivity Kit (MCK) is designed to connect Merchant Websites to Payment Gateways. Our solution supports websites built in virtually any platform, namely, Java, Perl, ASP, etc.

In addition to our Merchant Connectivity Kit (MCK) solution, Tarang can also pioneer for Merchant Website Application development and provide its customers a cost-effective way of building an E-commerce website.

Service Category

Tarang offers its services to any/all of the below category of enterprises.

• Retail
• Manufacturing
• Insurance
• Education
• Government

Benefits of E-commerce

Triple Sales: Several studies by leading Marketing Research Firms have shown that the average size of online transactions through E-commerce is up to three times larger than cash and check orders

No more trips to the bank or bounced checks: Merchants are assured of their payments and these impacts the liquid assets available for ready use. Customers leverage the easy to use facility of using Credit Cards that is not found in the ordinary use of Checks as a 'Mode of Payment'.

Value Add: Customers will have more Value addition from a traditional payment approach.

Branding: Merchants can establish strong branding thereby enabling themselves as a stronger player in the market and gain lead over competition.

Recurring Billing and One time Payments

Modern day payment options provide a wide variety of choices to customers who pay their bills online. Customer can choose to pay their bills in a single one-time Payment option or may choose to pay in equal monthly installments based on a specified repayment time period. In case of installments, payment systems should capture or automate the process of processing recurring bills and integrate the same for the benefit of the merchant.

Benefits of Recurring Billing:

• Billing in Multiple Currencies
• Tarang Payment System supports both subscription and installment payments
• Billing via all Major credit cards
• Choice of more than one payment schedule (weekly, biweekly, monthly, bi-monthly, quarterly, twice-yearly, yearly etc.)
• Historic view of Payment Data is made available
• Reporting capabilities

Electronic Check Processing

Customers often prefer backward compatibility when it matters to Payments. Checks are still a popular medium of paying-off customer liabilities. Tarang's Electronic Check Processing solution helps expand electronic payment options by inclusion of check processing to boost sales and increase revenue. Check processing involves online capture and transactions over the Checking account of the Customer.

Customers can choose to pay one-time or recurring payments online from their checking accounts. Our E-check solutions comprise the following.

• eCheck (One time and Recurring payments) through Payment Gateway real-time or batch processing
• Virtual Terminal involves accepting electronic checks by entering the customer's account data over:
• Phone
• Mail
• At the Counter

Benefits of eCheck Processing:

• Greater Customer Satisfaction: eChecks are Convenient, Flexible, Controlled with additional financial benefits of no postage expenses, late fee charges etc
• Enhanced Cash Flows: eChecks eliminate the time consuming process of paper-based check processing
• Reducing Costs: eChecks enable lower remittance processing costs, reduce no. of collecting agency cost, reduced average days outstanding in the case of account receivables
• Wider use of Checking Accounts: Checking Accounts can be effectively leveraged with reduced credit liability
• No need of Credit Card: Customers can make Online Payments without the need of Credit Cards
• Greater Customer Loyalty: Customer will prefer to use a simplified way of payment over checks and also avail the benefits of transaction online goods and services

Settlement and Refund Services

The common payment related transactions are Authorization, Sale, Capture, Refund, Void, Reversal and Settlement/ Reconciliation . Merchants who accept online Electronic Payments/ Financial Transactions need to be settled and reconciled and the resulting discrepancies and chargebacks should be properly handled. To fulfill this purpose, Payment Systems need to be automated and should seamlessly integrate with Payment networks.

Settlement can be done both in real-time as well as in a batch process.

Chargeback Management

Chargebacks are an inevitable risk of Credit Card processing. A Chargeback is the process of returning transaction funds to the customer or cardholder. The card issuer initiates the process after the cardholder has successfully disputed a transaction or it has been proven fraudulent.

The Chargeback process is explained below

• Card member disputes Charge and gets credit
• Card Issuer sends transaction back to the Credit Association
• Association sends transaction to the processor/ acquirer
• Merchant gets debited for chargeback

The Acquirer/Merchant can represent a Chargeback. Representment is an attempt to return the Chargeback back to the Issuer. A Second Chargeback is also possible when the Issuer returns the Representment to the Acquirer/Merchant. If the Issuer or Acquirer still disputes a chargeback they must file for a ruling by the Association. This is known as Arbitration.

Reporting

With the huge success of Analytics as a Management Approach in organizations that determine Customer patterns and get an enhanced view of profits or loses, reporting has gained significant momentum in any software system. In Payments, transaction logs, administration, audits and periodical reports are essential artifacts at any point of time. Tarang's reporting solutions are user friendly, advanced, flexible and are available in multiple formats such as CSV, DHTML, PDF and XML.

Benefits of Reporting

• Generate Transaction Summary and Maintain Transaction History for cross-references.
• Generate Electronic Settlement and Reconciliation reports for Billing
• Generate Processor related reports
• Match Payments to Orders
• Generate Exception reports to debug failure of transactions
• Represent Chargebacks and Representment
• View Operator logs and Administration activities of Merchants and Bankers